Main Concerns for Patients Undergoing Cardiovascular...

Introduction Anxiety is the most common concern for patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery everyday in the United Sates. Nurses have issues pertaining to the postoperative care of cardiac surgery patients. Nursing has a very extensive meaning, from promoting good health in society to preventing the occurrence of ill health. Also, nurses provide advice and emotional support to patient family members. Being a nurse with the post-cardiac surgery patient requires special training. There are many means of patient care. I will investigate pain management of postoperative care for cardiovascular surgery patients. One of the most common conditions for patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery is anxiety. According to Twiss, Seaver, and†¦show more content†¦This might increase the patients anxiety and pain levels and prevent the patient from sleep and appetite. If the patient stays at the hospital for too long, then the patient might start being sensitive to certain things in the hospital such as bright lights, cold temperatures, pain, stress and discomfort. This might cause increased autonomic response, or having sleep deprivations, which would lead to physiological problems. Since the patient is going to stay at the hospital more than expected due to delays in his or her recovery, the cost and morbidity rate will increase, and the quality of life of the patient will be reduced Nurses usually nurse the patients by giving them an enhanced environment. Once again, according to the American Journal of Nursing and Felgen (2004) as cited by Twiss, Seaver, and McCaffrey (2006), â€Å"A therapeutic environment provides an integrative network of physical, spiritual and psychological factors that have an additive effect on the creation of a healing or a healthy place† (p.225). If we are in an environment that does not feel comfortable to us, then our stress levels might increase because we will feel that we are in a strange place. A patient undergoing cardiac surgery needs to be in a social environment that is surrounded by people who will make him or her feel better about being at the hospital so the patient does not feel uncomfortable or left out. The patients stress levels might decrease if they feel that they are in aShow MoreRelatedThe Field Of Critical Care1737 Words   |  7 Pageschanges for providing care to critically ill patients in the perioperat ive period. The purpose of this chapter is to provide update for clinicians on ICU issues relevant to clinical practice. Topics which will be discussed include: modes of mechanical ventilation, renal replacement therapy, antibiotic prophylaxis, nutritional support, sedation management, transport and transfer of care. I. Modes of Mechanical Ventilation Introduction Most patients undergoing general anesthesia for surgical proceduresRead MoreNursing Assessment And Comprehensive Post Operative Planning For An Elderly Patient Undergoing A Total Hip Arthroplasty2119 Words   |  9 Pagesand approximately one third of patients undergoing hip arthroplasty surgery will die within the first year (Gregersen et al., 2012). The specialised nature of the orthopaedic ward is a complex environment for not only nurses, but for all health care professionals. It is the role of the registered nurse within the orthopaedic ward to provide holistic assessment and comprehensive post-operative planning to facilitate client centred care for an elderly patient undergoing a total hip arthroplasty (WalkerRead MoreThe Obesity Epidemic Essay2302 Words   |  10 Pagesdevastating. Obesity is a leading contributor of type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, cancer, and countless other health concerns. Obesity is also the second leading preventable cause of death in the United States. Currently, around one in three Americans are obese. Now more than ever, obesity prevention in the health field is a primary concern. However, many cases of obese children are related to parents or relatives who are overweight or obese themselves. With this predicament,Read MoreMy Assessment Of Practice Evidence For Term B Is Based1928 Words   |  8 PagesMy assessment of practice evidence for Term B is based on a case study of a particular patient during her perioperative journey from the ward before the surgery until she was ready to be sent back on the ward post operative on the 25th February, 2017. I followed a female patient who was having a surgical procedure called Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. Cholecystectomy is the removal of the gall bladder and usually performed as a day case procedure. The operaion is carried out under a general anaestheticsRead MoreRobot Assisted Surgery : Robotic System1933 Words   |  8 PagesRobot assisted surgeries are the surgical procedures that utilize a robotic system controlled by a physician or the surgeon himself via a computer. The robotic system has an attached camera to help the operator to see the organ being operated. These systems are known for their precision, accuracy, delicacy and efficient controlling options. Since their invention they have been used and are currently used in urological, neurological, endoscopic, cardiovascular and gynecological surgeries and operationRead MoreEssay on Anabolic Steroids1716 Words   |  7 Pageswill gain strength and size. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In a male testosterone is released by the leydig cells in the testes. The testosterone has two main functions androgenic and anabolic. Androgenic is the development of male sex characteristics. Anabolic is the development of muscle tissue. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;To treat patients who suffer from a natural lack of testosterone pharmacoligists alter one form of testosterone slightly, increasing th length of time the drug is active. TestosteroneRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Ew2362 Words   |  10 Pageson November 16, 2014. The study began on November 21 when EW required a heart-healthy diet education, and it ended on his discharge on November 24. EW was chosen for this study because of his diagnosis of NSTEMI and undergoing a CABG procedure, both of which are common for patients with heart attacks that require invasive interventions, and because of his unique combination of risk factors, mainly low HDL, a history of smoking, and central obesity, as other risk factors such as high LDL levels andRead MoreCognitive and Motion Impairness after a Stroke2532 Words   |  10 Pagesrepetitive tasks on patients are among these technically innovative devices. In fact, robotic devices are already applied in clinical practice as well as clinical evaluation for rehabilitation from TBI, injured upper or lower extremities and stroke survivors. However, considering the number of devices described in the literature, so far only a few of these have succeeded to affect the subject group [1]. Figure 1. Cable-driven Robot facilitates the Arm exercise of a patient. Combat Injury InRead MoreThe Patient Protection Affordable Care Act2615 Words   |  11 PagesAbstract The Patient Protection Affordable Care Act (PPACA), enacted by Congress in 2010, ensures all Americans are entitled to â€Å"basic† healthcare security (Shaw, Asomugha, Conway Rein, 2014). The policy aims to address several challenges in healthcare including poor access to health care, rising cost of health care services, and to improve overall quality of healthcare. However, due to the increasing demands of the growing patient population, and limited resources available, the possibilityRead MoreChildhood Obesity : The Adolescent Essay3626 Words   |  15 Pagesthere are many people trying to educate America and Worldwide. Renee Westphal had wrote an article on Obesity in children, this had indicated that children are the main target. It gives information on nutrition and how to deal with low-self esteem, frustration, and feelings. She argued that children from ages ten to thirteen are the main objective. Parents would have to be involved in their children s lives. She si mply says there are sites to look for when finding information about obesity. Wetsphal

“How to Avoid Bad Eating Habits” Is One Course All College...

Purpose: To inform Audience: Adults Tone: Serious Thesis: â€Å"How to avoid bad eating habits† is one course all college students should take. Pattern of Development: Exemplification Organizational approach: Emphatic Order Challenges related with eating habits of college students Nutrition awareness Strong taste preferences Fluctuating schedules Food industry and media Nutritious diet Reading food labels Regular, well balanced meals Food pyramid Nutrition Guides Tips to healthy eating Record what you eat Avoid unhealthy inventories I am a 35-year-old student of Culinary Arts at Bermuda College and my wife is a nutritionist. Since both of us have professions associated with food, we tend to make healthy food†¦show more content†¦Just replacing such drinks with plain water can dramatically improve their diet and health. Nutritional guides on foods are an important part of a healthy diet and can be used to derive serving sizes, mostly based on a 2000-calorie per day computations. Although age, height, existing and desired weight, and activity levels determine the daily caloric needs of a person, a diet consisting of 2000 calories per day diet is considered good most individuals with moderate activity levels. The food industry and media also play a critical role in what we eat. The food industry decides what to grow, where to grow, where to sell, at what price to sell etc. The media, in all its forms, is used by the food industry to market the food products. Close attention so they do not fall prey to advertising gimmicks. For example, light ice-cream can merely mean light and fluffy in texture, whereas an advertisement for light oil may only be just light in color. It is also possible that a food product can be low in sodium but high in fat or vice-verse. College students consume lots of snacks from cafeteria and vending machines and have a major misconception about fat-free snacks. All low-fat foods have something to replace the fat. The replacement is usually made by sugar, which is high in calories, or salt, which is high in sodium. Athena Porter, a behavioral therapist at Cook County Hospital, says, TiredShow MoreRelatedObesity : A Healthy Life Style1014 Words   |  5 PagesIV. I have thoroughly researched as well as seen the topic of obesity and how it can easily be avoided with the maintenance of a healthy life style. V. Today, I will confirm the increasing issue of obesity in this country, prove that with a healthy life style one can avoid obesity, and prove why implementing educational programs will benefit you, encourage you to donate some time and effort in avoiding obesity, and prove how it will benefit you in the long run in a variety of your life aspects. BODYRead MoreShould College Students Use Technology Into Their Life?1453 Words   |  6 PagesOver the course of time, college students have been captivated by the constant updating of technology by either on their phones, tablets, or computers. College students no longer have to do things on their own because they have it right at the tip of their fingers--so long as their batteries are charged. College students have also become more dependent on these devices. Almost unknowingly, they have adjusted their lifestyles to fit the abilities of the devices rather use them than to accommodateRead MoreThe Choice Of Multi Grain Bread1336 Words   |  6 Pagesmulti grain bread in many ways is just as bad for the human body as the standard Italian bread that was offered. Most of their bread options at the time had sugar and are categorically speaking, simple carbohydrates which are harder to break down and burn than complex carbohydrates like broccoli or leafy greens. Imagine throwing a ver y heavy and thick log in a fire rather than a thinner or more combustible piece of wood, the thicker heavier log will take significantly longer to catch fire and burnRead MoreThe Effects Of Stress On High School Students1277 Words   |  6 PagesCauses and Effects of Stress on High School Students According to Patino (Hoffman 1) stress is one of those things that all people at some time in their life will experience. Many events can cause stress in high school teenagers. Relationships with family and friends, psychological and physical factors, schoolwork and tests, search for job just to name a few. High school students experience stress because their bodies are undergoing Physical and psychological changes they experience in their adolescentRead MoreStudy Habits of Accounting Students4380 Words   |  18 PagesCHAPTER I THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Introduction Accountancy is an ideal career for incoming college students. Mathematical in nature and involves comprehensive calculations as well. You need to analyze the financial data of an organization for the entire year and then perform the calculations accordingly. The University of the East is well known in Accountancy Graduates because of high passing rate on CPA Board Exam. DuringRead More Componants Of Life Essay1782 Words   |  8 Pagesalready know what they should be doing: exercise, eat the correct foods and avoid dangerous substances such as smoking, drugs and other poisons and toxins. Your body needs a high level of anti-oxidants to live a long healthy life in our modern polluted world. If you’re healthy and eat a well-balanced diet based on the Food Guide Pyramid, most nutritionist agree that supplements are unnecessary (Sinai). A well balanced diet supplies not only the recommended daily allowances (RDAs) of all the necessary nutrientsRead MoreImpact of Online Gaming on the Students4412 Words   |  18 Pagesentertainment and play for people of all ages, especially for the students. It refers to the games that are played over some forms of computer network, typically on the internet. These games are played online, in which you can connect with multiple players. It is normally platform independent, relying on the web browser and appropriate plug-in. It is one of the best inventions that is made ever by human beings. It has the ability to link players together. It has been one of the most popular activitiesRead MoreWhile Looking For Answers On How Beat Depressed, There1649 Words   |  7 PagesWhile looking for answers on how beat depressed, there is always that one comment, post or tweet may offer means for improvement, or more than likely make the problem worse and not to help at all. The Depression Project (TDP) was an attempt to analyze and alleviate one person’s depression, and then compiling research and results of all information found on to a blog; to hopefully help the Blogger and others with depression overcome their problems. TDP used means of traditional talk therapy, moodRead More Fasting: Body Cleansing or Starving Essay2292 Words   |  10 Pagesliberal fast. Juice fasting is the preferred method amongst many doctors and European fasting clinics, perhaps because it is less harsh than other treatment plans. Today in the Western Hemisphere, many chronic health problems result from bad eating habits. There are a mix of people who are over-nourished, malnourished, or both. We eat chemically altered, high-fat toxic foods that do not provide a sufficient amount of essential vitamins and minerals to our bodies. Clogging of the eliminative systemsRead MoreObesity And Extra Weight Essay2013 Words   |  9 PagesObesity and extra weight is a huge problem in todays society which is a part of why this experiment is being done. In theory, if a person lowers their calorie intake they should be able to lose weight. There have been many studies done on ways to prevent or reverse obesity but no two studies have been exactly the same. In Waddens, Foster’s, and Letizia’s (1994) study done on the comparison between caloric restrictions and the effects of weight maintenance therapy, they would say that the most effective

Proposed Changes to the BOOT Test †Free Samples for Students

Question: What Is Proposed Changes to the BOOT Test? Answer: Introduction Background information The work place relations tribunal of Australia was established as a commonwealth court dealing with arbitration and conciliation following the passage of common wealth conciliation act 1904. The institution has greatly evolved since then in relation with economic and social changes and substantial legislative (WFPR, 2012). Recently there was the passage of fair work act 2009 and the establishment of fair work Australia which has since been renamed the fair work commission by the 2012 fair work amendment act. Better OFF Overall Test (BOOT) BOOT is a test that is applied by fair work commission covering the employees covered by the propose enterprise agreement. This test is the basis for approving or rejecting proposed enterprise agreement, however, it is important to note that any enterprise agreement that is not a greenfields agreement passes the BOOT, if fair work act is satisfied that award at the time of test both for employers and employee would be better off if the agreement is applied to the employee than the relevant modern award applied to the employee (Waterhouse Colley, 2010). The test is usually based on the modern award that is compared with the proposed enterprise agreement. The BOOT is more relevant in that it tries to improve the employment conditions for the employee. In particular, the test advocates for employee to be better off in the new agreement compared to relevant modern award that is currently applied. The total remuneration that is salary or wages and benefits for to employee should be better off in the agreement than if the conditions remained the same. This means that the BOOT advocates for better remuneration of employees in Australia meaning that the new terms of agreement must be better than relevant modern award. The BOOT is further meant to apply to all employees covered by the proposed collective agreement however, depending on the class, grade or job group. Coles and HMs agreement failed to pass the BOOT The Fair Work Commission (FWC) used BOOT to reject the agreement that was proposed by the Swedish fashion enterprise called HM that was meant to cover 1200 employees of the firm. At the time of test, FWC found that the new agreement proposed by HM would penalize the casual laborers more than in others in the industry. In the new agreement, HM had proposed to cut public holidays, overtime and weekends penalty rates for higher pay when working between Monday and Friday. The FWC found out that proposed agreement would not provide a higher rate than that existing in the industry and thus the agreement did not pass the BOOT (Hannan, 2017). Cole further failed to meet BOOT standards and thus was rejected. Advantages and disadvantages of BOOT BOOT is meant to regulate the enterprise bargaining agreements in Australia to ensure that employees are better off in terms of remuneration and other benefits. BOOT is advantageous in that it examines the conditions in the agreement and access whether it would improve the condition of employee than the existing award. BOOT ensures that employees get better pay in new agreement than modern award therefore the new enterprise bargaining agreements must pass the BOOT. Other advantages of BOOT include ensuring transparency between employer and employee in the new agreement and offer protection to ether part during the normal life of the agreement (Hannan, 2017a). BOOT assures employees of better pay in the new agreement than existing modern award in the industry. The main disadvantage of BOOT is that it cost employers in terms of time and financial resources for the agreement to go through FWA of Australia and be approved. It creates complexity and time consuming since strict process mus t be followed for the agreement to pass the BOOT (ABC News, 2017). Changes to improve the boot The employers seem to be disadvantaged in that the new agreement must satisfy strict conditions that allows employee be better off than modern award. The competitive market demands is s though and employees are looking ways to cut the cost, one way could be to cut employment cost through reduction in salaries and remuneration. However, employees cannot do so therefore changes should be made to BOOT to allow flexibility in response to economic situation in the industry. Employers can be allowed to minimize employment cost during economic depression. It has been further argued that the BOOT pose risk for employment in weaken labor market as employers may fear increasing its workforce due to fear of increased cost due to high wages advocated by BOOT in any new agreement (Heron Charlesworth, 2012). Greenfield argument is that penalty rates be removed to increase job opportunities. The productivity argued that employers should be allowed to negotiate freely with individual employees rega rding flexibility arrangements rather than going for employee ballot. Many employees are urging replacement of BOOT with non-disadvantage test (The Conversation, 2015). Aim of the report The report aims at providing an insight on the relevance of the fair work commission, fair work act 2009 and the role they place in the working environment of Australian citizens. It also suggests the necessary changes that need to be made on the BOOT test to make it more effective. Scope of the report The report will cover the various roles of the fair work commission and act 2009 as well as outline some amendments that may be made on the BOOT test. Its a tribunal that deals with the relations at national workplaces. It operates as an independent body which has powers to perform different functions that relates to the net safety of wages that are minimal and conditions of employment, bargaining related to enterprise, industrial actions, and resolution of disputes, employment termination and any other work place issues. This commission started its operations in the year 2009. It then took over most of the functions of the Australian industrial relations commission as well as those of the Australian fair pay commission (Anderson, 2009). This commission operates in various portfolios such as agriculture and water resources, defense, communications and arts, attorney general, education and training, employment, environment and energy, foreign affairs and trade, health, immigration and border protection, treasury, social services and prime minister and cabinet (Forde and Raine, 2008). The common wealth parliament is also covered unde r this commission and it includes bodies such as cabinet, shadow ministers, senators, parliamentary committees, parliamentary budget office etc. Under this commission are the governor general and commander in chief as well as courts and judges. How the commission works The commissions work is carried out by members of the commission with support from the administrative staff. Their work starts off once a person lodges a case application with the commission (Patricia and Alison, 2012). These applications have to be done using the correct commission form and be lodged in relation with the rules of fair work commission 2013. After a case has been brought before them, the commission responds in different ways as listed below; The application can be referred to a staff conciliator to assist in resolving the disputes in an informal way (Campbell, 2008). Directions could be issued on how the application will be dealt with. The people involved in the application may be required to make an appearance before the commission. Submissions are then invited either in verbal or written form. Evidences are then taken, conferences conducted, hearings are held and decisions are then made. In all these steps fair hearings are provided i.e. al the involved parties should be given opportunities to present their cases and then the cases are dealt with no favors whatsoever and in line with the law (SSC, 2009). The commission is expected to be very fair, act quickly, and be as informal as possible while avoiding unnecessary technicalities, be transparent and very open as well as promote work place relations that are corporative and harmonious (Meg and Andrew, 2010). In carrying out its functions the commission is supposed to take into account issues like the parts and objectives of the act that relates to the power under which a certain function is being exercised. The equity, good conscience and all the merits of any matter should also be considered with much keenness there is also the need to respect and value all the diversity in the workplace through assisting one in preventing and eliminating cases or people based on race, gender or even physical and mental disability (ABS, 2008a). In order to determine facts by the commission and in most cases when the facts are not agreed upon, the commission starts by determining the question that is on the balance of many probabilities i.e. is it more likely than not. Not all applications are accepted and heard by the commission some cases are dismissed basing on issues like if the application was not made in accordance with the act, if its vexatious of has no any reasonable prospects of success. This commission is limited in its mandates and it cannot for instance offer any legal advice to parties however it can give the needed information as presented on their website (Davidson, 2009). The commission also does not engage in the investigations of claims neither does it act for a particular party against another. Fair Work Commission (Agreement) Agreements are often made between employers and employees concerning the conditions of employment. Information on the process of making agreements can be provided by the fair work commission. It also assesses and approves these agreements. Disputes that arise from the terms of agreement are also dealt by this commission. The process starts off by making an enterprise agreement. The commission is mandated with the role of providing information regarding the process of making such agreements (ACTU, 2012). It also assesses and approves agreements. This enterprise agreement is made between employers and employees using some representatives. In situations that employees are not yet there i.e. green fields agreements then the negotiations take place between the employer and the relevant employee unions. This agreement is tailored to meet the needs of some enterprises. The agreement entails rates of payment, conditions for employment such as working hours and meal breaks, consultation mechanisms, procedures for resolving disputes and any deductions from the employee wages upon authorization by an employee (Austen et al., 2008). These agreements could be single, multiple or Greenfield agreements. Bargaining disputes; in some situations the parties involved in making agreements may reach a point where they are not coming to a conclusion. This could be because of some issue that needs to be resolved. In such situations the assistance of the fair work commission is sought so as to help them reach agreement on the said issues and conclude on the agreement. A bargaining order is applied fro from the commission by a bargaining representative. Upon completion of bargaining exercise and agreement made, some steps have to be followed in ensuring the approval of the agreement by the commission (Andrew, 2008). First and foremost the terms of the agreement have to be explained. The effects of these agreements should also be explained to the employee by their employer. A notice is then sent out and a vote for approval scheduled. The voting should be done 21 days after the call. An agreement is therefore approved only after the voting has been successful. The agreement that is voted for should not entail any unlawful contents like a term that is discriminatory or objectionable. Upon agreement by both terms a bargaining representative is supposed to write to the commission seeking approval and this application is expected to reach the commission in a span of 14 days since the agreement was made (Glenda et al., 2008).This application s accompanied by an agreement signed copy and any other declarations therein. For any agreements to be approved by the commission some of the things that are to be taken into consideration include the pre approval steps, genuine agreement by the employee, it should pass the better off overall test and it should not have any terms that may exclude NES. The agreement should also not have any unlawful terms and it should specify its expiry dates. Termination of any agreements should also be made to the commission by the involved parties. The person covered by this agreement is supposed to write to the commission for the termination to be approved (Sylvia, 2007). This should be accompanied by all the declarations required by the rules of the commission. This application has to be made within 14 days of the agreed termination date or for as long as the commission allows. Forms 24 and 28 are used in the termination of any agreement. All the applications have to be accompanied by the declarations made there in. Changes to the BOOT The better off overall test has been in existence for many years and its usually based on the modern award which is relevant and is meant for any employees that are covered by the agreement of the enterprise (Sara, 2012). This test requires all the award covered employees and any prospective employee to be covered by the award should be better off when working under the agreement than they may be if any relevant modern award was applicable to them. However for the test to be effective some amendments may have to be considered. This test is applied during the test time e the time when the applicant seeking approval of the agreement is made (SE, 2009). The test should not be restricted to timing instead some allowance should be given as to when it has to be taken provided its done before the commission approves the agreement. This time limit has meant that incase of any flexibility agreement that may be made in the relevant modern award will not in any case be taken into account. This test is never applied as a line by line analysis. Instead its a test that is global only requiring one to consider the pros and cons to the employees covered by the award (Hilary, 2013). Therefore the test posses a question of as to whether the employees are better off in an overall manner incase the agreement was applied. To make the test be better off it should address the question of whether every employee is still better off under the agreement in comparison to their existing working arrangements. Currently the test is applicable in equal measures to all the employees which are covered by the proposed agreement. However the test should be varied depending on ones level of appointment at the work place like those with a high income threshold should have a different test. This will prevent the commission from assuming that every employee within some class is better off especially if the agreement passes the test (Marian and Sue, 2009). This test should not be the ultimate determiner as to whether the agreement should be passed or not other factors have to be considered as well such as how committed is the employee to the said agreement and as to whether the agreement fits well the demands of both the employer and employee. Fair Work act 2009 Legislation impact This act operates on the objective of providing a framework that is balanced for work place relationships that are both productive and cooperative and which aim at enhancing the prosperity of the national economics and the inclusion of all Australians in a social way. This objective is achieved in various ways viz; Provision of relation laws at the work place which are fair to Australians, much flexible to those doing businesses and aim at promoting growth in the productivity sector and economics (AIEP, 2012). This also considers the international labor obligations of the residents. Safety net of fair is guaranteed and should be relevant and easily enforceable in relation to the provided terms and conditions via the employment standards of the nation, or minimum wage orders of the nation and awards that are modern. Making sure that there is no undermining of the guaranteed safety net of fair as well as the relevant and enforceable minimum conditions and wages. This is achieved via making of employment agreements because such agreements are never part of work place relations systems that are fair enough (ABS, 2012). The objective is also achieved by offering assistance to employees in ensuring they strike a balance between their work and the responsibilities in their families through provision of working arrangements that are flexible. The act also ensures there is fairness at the work places and discrimination is prevented in all manners through the recognition of the employees right to freedom of associations well as the right to be well represented. This in the end protects the employees from the treatments that are unfair. They also provide procedures that are easily accessible and very effective in cases where disputes have to be resolved (Adows, 2007). The act also provides room for the emphasis of a collective bargaining that is of an enterprise level where they operate on obligations that are of good faith bargaining and rules that are clear which govern the industrial action. The act acknowledges some of the circumstances which are special especially to the small and medium sized businesses. The act therefore deals mostly with the relations at the work place by providing terms and conditions necessary for any employment, setting out responsibilities and rights of employees, employers and all the organizations that relate to a certain employment. The act also provides room for the compliance and its enforcement (Rhonda et al., 2012). It establishes the fair work commission and the office of the fair work ombudsman. Conclusion The fair work commission has played great roles in the citizens of Australia regarding employment and working environment. Its through this commission that any agreement made between an employer and employee is taken with the seriousness they deserve. In many cases employees enter into agreements that are not well understood only to be oppressed by the employer long after the terms of employment have been agreed upon. Its therefore through this body that anything within the agreement becomes binding and none of the parties feel oppressed. With this commission the necessary and proper means are usually followed in case of any agreement termination and this ensures that the termination of agreements is done following the right means where none of the involved parties rights are infringed. This is a commission that should remain in action for eternity in Australia. The fair work act also as seen in the discussion above works on one main objective of balancing the work place relationship s which are supposed to be both productive and supportive to the employees. This act together with the fair work commission and the ombudsman commission ensures good working conditions are reinforced by the employers and the agreements are adhered to fully. To ensure that the said commissions and the act meet their objectives its important for some amendments to be made on the BOOT test which often tests the approval of an agreement by the fair works commission. With the said amendments adopted the test will be more relevant to the said parties. Recommendations Some amendments need to be made on the BOOT test to render it more effective in the assessment of any agreement by the commission. The fair works commission needs more resource support in terms of labor and money to ensure its service delivery is good and to the satisfaction of the employer and employee All those in the working and business environment i.e. employers and employees need to adhere to the fair work act to ensure its effectiveness in protecting the rights of all the involved parties. References ABC News. (2017). Coles worker could bring down enterprise bargaining system if wage challenge is successful. Retrieved from https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-04-04/coles-employee-could-bring-down-enterprise-bargaining-system/8414994. ABS (Australian Bureau of Statistics) (2008a) Australian National Accounts: National Income,Expenditure and Product, September 2008, Cat No. 5206.0., Canberra: ABS. ABS (Australian Bureau of Statistics) (2012). Labour Force, Australia Dec 2012 Cat No 6202.0 (2012). ACTU (Australian Council of Trade Unions) (2012).Submission to Department of Education Employment and Industrial Relations, Fair Work Act Review, 17 February 2012, 55. Adows, P. (2007). A review of the economic impact of employment relations services delivere by ACAS. London: National Institute of Economic and Social Research, November. AIEP (Australian Institute of Employment Rights) Inc (2012). Submission to Department of Education, Employment and Industrial Relations, Fair Work Act Review, February 2012, 27. Anderson, P. (2009) quoted in Rodger, E (2009) Nation building package to support jobs, boost growth, www.abc.net.au/news/ accessed 4/5/2017. Andrew S. (2008). Stewarts Guide to Employment Law (Federation Press, 2008) 186. Austen, S., Jefferson T., Preston A. and Seymour R. (2008) Gender pay differentials in low paid employment report prepared for the Australian Fair Pay Commission, https://www.fairpay.gov.au/ accessed 4 December 2009. Campbell I. (2008) Pressing Towards Full Employment? The Persistence Of Underemployment In Australia Journal of Australian Political Economy 61: 156-180. Davidson P. (2009). The Keynes Solution: The Path to Global Economic Prosperity Palgrave Macmillan. Forde I, Raine R (2008). Placing the individual within a social determinants approach to healthinequity. Lancet 2008;372:169496. Glenda S., John B. and Lindy H. (2008). Equal Employment Opportunity Legislation and Policies: The Australian Experience (2007) 26 Equal Opportunities International 527; Equal Opportunity for Women in the Workplace Agency, Submission No 113 to House of Representatives Standing Committee on Employment and Workplace Relations, Parliament of Australia, Inquiry into Pay Equity and Associated Issues Related to Increasing Female Participation in the Workforce, 24 September 2008, 13. Hannan, E. (2017). Swedish fashion giant gets BOOT from FWC. Retrieved on 11 May 2017 from The Australian: https://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/industrial-relations/swedish-fashion-giant-gets-boot-from-fwc/news-story/4104185a3defd23942bbabd363adda51. Hannan, E. (2017a). Union to fight Beechworth bakery penalties deal. Retrieved on 11 May 2017 from https://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/nation/union-to-fight-beechworth-bakery-penalties-deal/news-story/c270281f87923f27084617bab515b4c9. Heron, A., Charlesworth, S. (2012). Working time and managing care under Labor: whose flexibility?.Australian Bulletin of Labour,38(3), 214. Hilary M L. (2013). Acknowledging Discrimination as a Key to the Gender Pay Gap (2013) 68 Sex Roles 223, 228. Marian B. and Sue W. (2009). Women, Work and Industrial Relations in 2008 (2009) 51 Journal of Industrial Relations 331, 3368. Meg S. and Andrew S. (2010). A New Dawn for Pay Equity? Developing an EqualRemuneration Principle under the Fair Work Act (2010) 23 Australian Journal of Labour Law 152, 160. Opportunities Commission, 2007). Patricia T. and Alison P. (2012). Gender Pay Equity in Australia: Where Are We Now and Where Are We Heading? (2012) 38 Australian Bulletin of Labour 251. Rhonda S., Ray B. and Jude E. (2012). Modern Labor and the Fair Work Act 2009: Challenging the Male Breadwinner Gender Order? (Australian Workplace Innovation and Social Research Centre, University of Adelaide, 2012) 13. Sara C. (2012). Decent Working Conditions for Care Workers? The Intersections of Employment Regulation, the Funding Market and Gender Norms (2012) 25 Australian Journal of Labour Law 107. SE (Senate Employment) (2009).Workplace Relations and Education Legislation Committee.2009. Fair Work Bill 2008 (Provisions), 27 February. Canberra: SEWRELC. SSC (Senate Standing Committee) on Education, Employment and Workplace Relations. (2009). Public Hearing on the FairWork Bill 2009, Sydney, 18 February. Canberra: SSCEEWR. Sylvia W. (2007). Gender (In) Equality and the Future of Work (Working Paper No 55, Equal The Conversation. (2015). Change penalty rates, reform work agreements, urges Productivity Commission: expertsrespond. Retrieved on 11 May 2017 from https://theconversation.com/change-penalty-rates-reform-work-agreements-urges-productivity-commission-experts-respond-45647. Waterhouse, J., Colley, L. (2010). The Work-Life Provisions of the Fair Work Act: A Compromise of Stakeholder Preference.Australian Bulletin of Labour,36(2), 154. WFPR (Work and Family Policy Roundtable). (2012). Submission to Department of Education,Employment and Industrial Relations, Fair Work Act Review, 17 February 2012, 10.

Internet Essays (1028 words) - Internet Censorship, Internet

Internet Internet Who is supposed to be the watchdog on the net? This question will raise the temperature in almost any room. The government already has to many regulations on lots of things, who wants Uncle Sam's hand in the web. Some of the regulations that are applied are there for specific reasons. Those protect the people before the damage to say a young child posing for porn can be done. Those people that would be trying to regulate the Internet could be going after those sick, pathetic petafiles that float around in the child chat rooms. In my opinion, the parents should be the ones that are responsible for what their children view on the Internet. The net itself can be very valuable if used as a tool for learning. In the group Families Against Internet Censorship, they understand the concept of parental filtering (Censorship 2000). One of the families uses primarily the Internet to home-school their children. When a child signs on to the web, he or she has almost infinite resources right at the ends of their fingertips. Where else can you maximize the worlds resources from inside the comforts of home. I know that a young teenager can productively use this information. I have been using the net for about eight years for my reports and personal knowledge quests. My father would check on me every now and again to make sure I was on task. Not only was he keeping what I viewed pg13, he was helping me use different search engines and being my troubleshooter until I could surf the web by myself. Lots of the children now days are just tuned loose with a computer and not checked on until suppertime or bedtime. With that much freedom come temptation, this leads to the children looking up porn, explosives, or something else that their parents would not want them to look at. In my opinion, pornography should be allowed on the Internet as long as it is within legal bounds that are already established. I personally do not sit up all night trying to see some naked body in a freaky position. Nevertheless, I do not have a problem if my neighbor looks at pornographic material all day long as long as he does not pressure me with it. You never know where an online neighbor is from. The Internet is neither owned or ran by the United States. Many people view the human body as a work of art. The United States especially makes a big deal out of nudity. In Eastern Europe the children will not even were bathing suits until they reach the age around puberty. What gives our government the right to police the world based on our views? Yesterday I was watching some television with a female friend of mine when the talk show Sally came on. The show happened to be about children and the Internet. In this ten to twelve-year-old chat room, this ten-year-old girl chatted with someone across the net for a little while. After the girl had talked to the person in the chat room for about a week, she gave the person her telephone number. Later in the week, the little girl found out the person on the other end of the computer was an older man. This child molester was caught having sexual activity with his eight-year-old neighbor in the state of Alabama. On another chat room, the mother of the ten-year-old went to scout out another chat room and found a petafile online admitting to being a pervert to the young children. On this same episode, an undercover cop posed as a fourteen-year-old female. The cop's bait was immediately taken by a sixteen-year-old male. Within a few minutes the male had already offered alcohol to who he thought was a fourteen year old female. The next thing the male brought up in the conversation was sexual offers. So within twenty minutes this police officer has already been offered sex and alcohol. This officer, Detective Mike Harris, recently went to the middle school where he resides in Jefferson County Colorado. He was speaking to the kids about all the dangers on the net, and ran across some crazy statistics. Out of 185 students, 145 of them have the Internet in their household. Thirty-five of these children had access to the web in their room (Sally 2000). This makes it even more difficult for the parents to regulate these children's Internet privileges. Uncle Sam has no business in adding more regulations to the net. That bear has his

Cell Structure and Function essays

Cell Structure and Function essays All living things are made of the same basic building blocks, cells. A human is made of 65 trillion cells. Cells are everywhere, on you skin, in your blood, and even on your tongue. In fact, your blood is clear but red blood cells are what make your blood red. Most living things are made up of many cells but some are made of only one cell, like amebas, paramecium, fungi, protists, monerans, and bacteria. There are two basic types of cells, animal cells and plant cells. They have some common parts found in both and other parts that are unique to each. A cell membrane is found in both plant and animal cells. It is the structure that surrounds the cell and protects it. Plant cells have a cell wall, a rigid structure surrounding the cell membrane. Animal cells do not have a cell wall. Cytoplasm is the thick, jelly-like substance that makes up most of the cell. Vacuoles are fluid filled sacs in the cell. The vacuoles contain stored water or food that will be used by the cell. Cells also contain other "small organs" called organelles that carryout various cell functions. And then there is the control center of the cell, the nucleus, surrounded by a protective outer covering call the nuclear membrane. The nucleus contains the DNA, or chromosomes, that carries all the instructions on how a cell will function, live, and reproduce. Every cell needs to energy to live and reproduce. Plant and animal cells obtain energy in different ways. Animals can not make their own food. They obtain energy by taking in food, water, and oxygen and converting it to sugar. Sugar is the only food a cell can eat. Plant cells can make their own food from water and sunlight. This process is called photosynthesis. Both plant and animal cells use energy from the food they obtain to reproduce. All living things produce more living things. Cell reproduction is called mitosis. Mitosis is the process ...

The Biblical Reference in The Grapes of Wrath

The Biblical Reference in The Grapes of Wrath There is a Biblical reference in Revelations to the grapes of wrath that appears to be the earliest known source or inspiration for John Steinbecks famous novel, The Grapes of Wrath.  The passage is sometimes referred to as The Grape Harvest. Revelation 14:17-20 (King James Version, KJV): 17 And another angel came out of the temple which is in heaven, he also having a sharp sickle. 18 And another angel came out from the altar, which had power over fire; and cried with a loud cry to him that had the sharp sickle, saying, Thrust in thy sharp sickle, and gather the clusters of the vine of the earth; for her grapes are fully ripe. 19 And the angel thrust in his sickle into the earth, and gathered the vine of the earth, and cast it into the great wine press of the wrath of God. 20 And the winepress was trodden without the city, and blood came out of the wine press, even unto the horse bridles, by the space of a thousand and six hundred furlongs. With these passages, we read about the final judgment of the wicked (unbelievers), and the complete destruction of the Earth (think Apocalypse, end of the world, and all the other dystopian scenarios). So, why did Steinbeck draw from such violent, destructive imagery for the title of his famous novel? Or, was that even in his mind when he chose the title? Why Is It So Bleak? With Grapes of Wrath, Steinbeck created a novel set in the Depression-era Dust Bowl of Oklahoma. Like the Biblical Job, the Joads had lost everything under disastrous and inexplicable circumstances (the Oklahoma Dust Bowl, where crops and the topsoil literally blew away). Their world had been obliterated/destroyed. Then, with their world torn apart, the Joads packed up all their worldly possessions (like Noah and his family, in their infamous Ark: Noah stood on the ground looking up at the great load of them sitting on top of the truck.), and were forced to set off on a cross-country trek to their Promised Land, California. They were searching for a land of milk and honey, a place where they could work hard and ultimately fulfill the American Dream. They were also following a dream (Grandpa Joad dreamed that hed have as many grapes as he could eat when he reached California). They had very little choice in the situation. They were escaping from their own very-certain destruction (like Lot and his family). The Biblical references dont stop with their journey toward the Promised Land either. The novel is infused with Biblical allusions and innuendo, though Steinbeck often chooses to slant the imagery to fit his own literary vision for the novel. (For example: Instead of the baby being the representative Moses who will lead the people to freedom and the Promised Land, the little rain-soaked body heralds news of utter devastation, starvation, and loss.) Why does Steinbeck use Biblical imagery to infuse his novel with symbolic meaning? In fact, the imagery is so pervasive that some have called the novel a Biblical epic. From Jim Casys perspective, religion offers no answers. But Casy is also a prophet and Christ-like figure. He says: You dont know what youre a doin (which, of course, reminds us of the Biblical line (from Luke 23:34): Father, forgive them; for they know not what they do.

Wal-Mart, Target and Kmart Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Wal-Mart, Target and Kmart - Essay Example Kmart has a long history; recently it is trying to emerge from bankruptcy reorganization. Kmart is slowly losing its customers to Wal-Mart. Before being bankrupted Kmart was the second best retailer after Wal-Mart. Both companies used different strategies to outsmart each other. They tried different strategies to woo the customers. After coming out from bankruptcy Kmart found that it has lost most of the customers to Wal-Mart and other retailers like Target. Its total net profit also declined considerably. Target took this opportunity to its full advantage and started aggressive campaigning. Though the think tank of Target knew that most of Kmart's customers would go to Wal-Mart rather than coming to Target's stores, they started slashing the prices of the products and announced heavy discounts on them. They used innovative ideas to woo the customers. To maintain its top position Wal-Mart used to slash the rates so that when customers come to purchase the items would buy other products also. These items were termed as loss leaders. Most of the middle class families are Wal-Mart's customers. Target aimed at upper middle class. Because of this stiff competition between Wal-Mart, Kmart, Target, Costco, etc., customer has wide range of choices to choose. Customer can buy products at discount rates.

European Human Right Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

European Human Right Law - Essay Example In addition to this, some organizations have come up to have the claim for adequate housing for all persons covered by the ECHR. This paper will consider the different articles in the ECHR under which these issues may be addressed. Basing on the articles, this paper will examine the likelihood of a case against a ban on all abortions, and on smoking in cars to succeed before the ECtHR. In addition to this, this paper will also analyse the possibility of a case in support of a claim for adequate housing to succeed before the ECtHR. Against a Ban on All Abortions Converse to assertions made by some organizations, there is nothing like a ‘right to abortion’. No explicit law is contained in the ECHR that offers a legal basis to abortion2. When the Convention is carefully read, it becomes evident that the life of a foetus is also given importance. There are instances where an abortion is called for on grounds of endangering the life of the woman. Considerations of Article 2(1 ) and Article 8 provide the basis against which cases on abortion may be ruled. Article 2(1) starts by stating that â€Å"Everyone’s right to life shall be protected by law.† The term ‘Everyone’ definitely refers to all men and women, both young and adults. This term, however, is not inclusive of foetuses. This is the form of before nine months after conception. An argument may be presented along this line that the foetus does not qualify to be covered by this article. The right to life of the foetus can in no way be ruled to be superior to the right to life of the woman3. Since the life of the woman takes precedence, the right to her life is given more weight than that of the foetus. Looking at Article (8), the ECHR protects the right to privacy4. The woman is protected explicitly by this law. A woman seeking to procure an abortion is, therefore, covered under this law. It is her right to do whatsoever she wishes, without outside interference. An absolute ban on all abortion means that the woman no longer has her private life. A case that has been brought to the ECtHR against the ban on all abortion is likely to succeed since a ban on abortion impinges on the rights of a woman to have her privacy. Against a ban on Smoking in Cars Smoking, when done in a car is within the bounds of private space. Article 8 of the ECHR focuses on the right to respect for private life. This section protects individuals from the intrusion by agents of state into their personal lives. A personal car is private property, and when one is in it, is entitled to the freedom to do as they please5. Whatever happens when one is in their car constitutes private life, and as such, should not be interfered with by authorities. A ban on smoking in cars is an intrusion by agents of government on the private space on a person. A case presented to the ECtHR against a ban on smoking in cars is, therefore, most likely to succeed. There might, however, be a case whereby t hough smoking is done within the confines of a personal car, others are affected6. If a person smokes in their car when the windows are down, the smoke is bound to reach others. If these people, due to health, personal, religious or whatever reason feel that the smoke reaching them is a disturbance, then they have a right to complain. They are entitled to protection from the smoke which is interference on their privacy. In such a case, the ECtHR may rule to have the person

The Intellectual Challenge Essay Example for Free

The Intellectual Challenge Essay The intellectual challenge was equally unprecedented. From the beginning of the modern age, there were significant segments of the intellegentsia which did not content themselves with any of the newly fashioned apologies for Judaism. They accepted the ideals of the outside liberalism, nationalism, and, later, socialism not because they had supposedly originated in Judaism but because they had not. What made these values attractive was that they promised to fashion a new secular world which would transcend and destroy all aspects of medievalism. The assimilationists, those Jews who consciously strove to give up their own identity entirely in order to become undifferentiated individuals in the modern world, were thus truly messianic. The very completeness and unconditionality of their surrender to the dominant values of the majority were a program for the final solution of the Jewish question: let the Jew become like everybody else, yielding up his claim to chosenness and being relieved of his role as scapegoat. Let society run on its universal and immutable principles, rooted in reason and natural law, which know neither positive nor negative exceptions for the Jew. Above all, let him disappear from the center of the stage, his own and the worlds, to be one among many equally important small incidents in the history of mankind. This was a kind of messianism that could have arisen only out of the eighteenth-century Enlightenment, for it was fundamentally at variance with both the Jewish and the Christian concepts of such an age. Jew is equally important to the traditional Christian version of the end of days: he is not chosen but damned, but that is negative chosenness; he is doomed to wandering and suffering, because he once rejected Jesus, but the indispensable preamble to the Second Coming and the end of days is his conversion. It is beyond doubt that the long-standing Christian desire to convert the Jews was a significant aspect of the climate of opinion toward the end of the eighteenth century which prepared the ground for their emancipation. Liberal Christians believed that this would be a short cut to the devoutly desired result. So the Abbe Gregoire, the leader of this school of thought in revolutionary France, argued in a famous essay written in 1787 and published two years later, as the delegates were gathering to the meeting of the Estates-General in Paris, that the granting of religious liberty to the Jews would be a great step forward in reforming and in converting them, for truth is most persuasive when it is gentle. Â   What is even more apparent is that many of the philosophies of the Enlightenment, despite the ethical universalism and the vague deism or atheism in religion with which they were consciously subverting Christianity, were most reluctant to part with old-fashioned anti-Semitism. In fear of censorship and the Bastille, they may, indeed, have had to shoot their arrows of ridicule at Moses instead of the Apostles, in order to conduct their war against the Church in Aesopian language; but there is an edge and a nastiness to Voltaires comments on the Jews, an insistence that it is hardly conceivable that even reason can reform them, which sets one of the patterns for modern anti-Semitism: to uphold a universal and secular ideal e. g. , liberalism, nationalism, or socialism but to exclude the Jews from its purview and effect. Nonetheless, at its most ideologically consistent, the Enlightenment proposed full acceptance of the Jew in the new society of which it dreamed. His faults which even pro-Jewish writers like Dohm, Mirabeau, and Gregoire waxed eloquent in describing were, they maintained, not innate but caused by his unfortunate estate, and his claims to chosenness could be disregarded as a psychological defense the Jew found it necessary to cultivate to relieve the misery of his enslavement. All this would disappear, transmuted into good civisme even among this, the most difficult group to usher into the life of the modern world, once all of society is reformed. It is therefore true, as Nordau once observed that the Emancipation came to the Jews not out of humanitarian fervor, not as a reconciliation of age-old conflicts, but for the sake of the abstractions, reason and natural law. But the Jewish enthusiasts of assimilation chose to overlook that the Emancipation was not essentially conceived out of tender regard for the Jews: they preferred to accept it with passion as the totally messianic era that it purported to be.

Using Gopher to Navigate the Internet :: Internet World Wide Web WWW Protocol Gopher

GOPHER The Latest and Greatest on the Internet. In April 1991, Gopher was developed at the University at Minnesota Microcomputer, Workstation and Networks Center. It was created to help users fins answers to their computer questions. (Nickerson, 53) It didn’t take long for this utility to replace the existing campuswide information systems (CWIS) at the university AND to become one of the hottest Internet resources available. (Hahn, 429) Why is Gopher so Grand? This utility lets the end user easily locate information using keywords and phrases. In a few short years this has become the†most widely used searching tool on the Internet.† (Levin, 60) The annual growth rate for Gopher traffic is 997%! (Fun Facts, 50) Up until recently, this Internet protocol had been mainly used by the government and academics. But it has caught on and is being used for business and leisure purposes. If one is interested in the latest NFL scores, schedules and point spreads, they can easily access this information at News and Weather. Business administrators can learn more about total quality management (TQM) by visiting (Maxwell, 299 and 670) What is Gopher? The official definition of Gopher helps to explain what this utility is, â€Å" The Internet Gopher uses a simple client/server protocol that can be used to publish and search for information held on a distributed network of hosts. Gopher clients have a seamless view of the information in the Gopher world even though the information is distributed over many different hosts. Clients can navigate through a hierarchy of directories and documents [menus] or ask an index server to return a list of documents that contain one or more words. Because the index does full-text searches, every word in every document is a keyword.†(Milewski, 41) Using the client/server architecture is advantageous because the two connecting machines need to communicate with one another for a very short time. The server shuts down the connection once it has sent out the file to the client. (Notess, 101) Gopher is an attractive Internet search tool because it allows the user to traverse the network with one simple interface. Via Gopher, the neophyte can access more difficult Internet protocols, such as telnet, FTP, and email, in a seamless fashion. The end user can effortlessly select an FTP site from a menu and not have to remember the cumbersome FTP syntax or lengthy addresses. Accessing Gopher To access Gopher you need Internet access. To start, dial into an Internet-connected computer and type in gopher at the systems prompt. Using Gopher to Navigate the Internet :: Internet World Wide Web WWW Protocol Gopher GOPHER The Latest and Greatest on the Internet. In April 1991, Gopher was developed at the University at Minnesota Microcomputer, Workstation and Networks Center. It was created to help users fins answers to their computer questions. (Nickerson, 53) It didn’t take long for this utility to replace the existing campuswide information systems (CWIS) at the university AND to become one of the hottest Internet resources available. (Hahn, 429) Why is Gopher so Grand? This utility lets the end user easily locate information using keywords and phrases. In a few short years this has become the†most widely used searching tool on the Internet.† (Levin, 60) The annual growth rate for Gopher traffic is 997%! (Fun Facts, 50) Up until recently, this Internet protocol had been mainly used by the government and academics. But it has caught on and is being used for business and leisure purposes. If one is interested in the latest NFL scores, schedules and point spreads, they can easily access this information at News and Weather. Business administrators can learn more about total quality management (TQM) by visiting (Maxwell, 299 and 670) What is Gopher? The official definition of Gopher helps to explain what this utility is, â€Å" The Internet Gopher uses a simple client/server protocol that can be used to publish and search for information held on a distributed network of hosts. Gopher clients have a seamless view of the information in the Gopher world even though the information is distributed over many different hosts. Clients can navigate through a hierarchy of directories and documents [menus] or ask an index server to return a list of documents that contain one or more words. Because the index does full-text searches, every word in every document is a keyword.†(Milewski, 41) Using the client/server architecture is advantageous because the two connecting machines need to communicate with one another for a very short time. The server shuts down the connection once it has sent out the file to the client. (Notess, 101) Gopher is an attractive Internet search tool because it allows the user to traverse the network with one simple interface. Via Gopher, the neophyte can access more difficult Internet protocols, such as telnet, FTP, and email, in a seamless fashion. The end user can effortlessly select an FTP site from a menu and not have to remember the cumbersome FTP syntax or lengthy addresses. Accessing Gopher To access Gopher you need Internet access. To start, dial into an Internet-connected computer and type in gopher at the systems prompt.

How Democratic Britian Was by the 1928? Essay

â€Å"Democracy is the government of the people, for the people, by the people† (Abraham Lincoln, President of the USA, 1860-1865)† For any country to be called democratic, certain conditions have to exist. Firstly, all adults should have the right to vote but the right to vote did not in itself make Britain democratic. Between 1850 and 1928, other features of a democracy were created. These features included a fair system of voting, a choice of who to vote for and access to information to make an informed choice. It should also be possible for people from all backgrounds to become Members of Parliament themselves and parliament should be accountable to the voters. Although the transition from a political system dominated by aristocracy to one of universal suffrage was a long and protracted one by 1928, most of the features of a democracy had been met. Consequently Britain had become more democratic than it was in 1850. It is no wonder that John Kerr describes Britain as being â€Å"nowhere near being democratic in 1850.† The state of democracy in Britain had been set by the Great Reform Act of 1832 which increased the number of men who could vote in a general election and redistributed parliamentary seats so that there was a more equal ratio of MPs to constituents. However Britain was still far from being democratic. The system was not fair as voting took place in hustings meaning there was no secret ballot, making it possible for candidates to bribe and intimidate the voters and general elections were only held every seven years. Another aspect of the British political system that was undemocratic was the unequal distribution of seats and MPs still representing county and borough constituencies with great variations in size of population. Moreover, the Tory dominated House of Lords was unelected and it could stop the elected majority of the House of Commons getting bills though parliament a nd only wealthy men could stand as candidates for election as there was a property qualification. It could be suggested that Britain was undemocratic in 1850 as working class men and all women were excluded from the franchise and only 7% of the population were entitled to vote. Between 1850 and 1928 a series of acts were introduced that extended the franchise. The Second Parliamentary Reform Act of 1867 was the first piece of legislation that tried to amend the political system. As a result of this Act, the size of the electorate increase to 2.5 million including the skilled working class meaning a third of males were now able to vote. However, the vote still depended on property and the one year residency requirement discriminated against a large proportion of the working class. The introduction of the Representation of the People Act in 1884 doubled the electorate making the number of voters five million and the franchise qualification was now the same in both boroughs and counties. Although Sir Albert Maine described the new system as an â€Å"unmoderated democracy† there was still a long way to go until Britain became democratic. The men who did not have the franchise in 1867 such as the soldiers and male domestic servants were still deprived of the vote in 1884 and as with 1867 plural voting still existed and no women were allowed to vote. The Representation of the People Act 1918 extended the franchise to all adult males because of their important role in the Great War meaning that all males over the age of twenty one were now enfranchised. For the first time, women over the age of 30 were given the vote provided they were educated, married and had a home. Although this was a major step towards democracy as regards women’s suffrage, it mus t be noted that there was not equal universal suffrage, and that women would have to wait until the 1928 Equal Franchise Act to be set on equal voting terms as men without qualifications, to receive the vote at the age of 21. As a result of the increase in voters in towns, changes were made to National Party Organisation as party leaders had to find ways of persuading the electors to vote for their candidate. National organisations such as the Conservative Central Office in 1870 and the National Liberal Federation in 1877, were developed by the parties to canvass support at elections. Liberal and Conservative Associations were developed in all major towns and electors were encouraged to join and attend meetings. Liberal and Conservative clubs were set up as social centres to encourage support such as the Reform Club in Manchester and the Carlton Club. This led to more central co-ordination of policy and strategy. Propaganda and persuasion would be the means of enlisting the support of the voters and the parties had to ensure that their known supporters were registered as voters. The Conservative Primrose League was created to canvass support in small towns and the counties. Tighter discipline was imposed in both parties and the result was a development of political parties and their organisations. Overall, better representation helped the growth of democracy as well as better access to information as manifestos had to be created and distributed to the population. The 1970 Education Act (1872 in Scotland) increased the literacy levels in the country so that information about political parties and their policies became more accessible to the population. By the late 19th century literacy was fairly well established and daily national newspapers became vital sources of information. The development of the railways was crucial in giving the population better access to information. The population was able to make more informed choices in elections as they became more aware of political issues. Socialist groups eventually joined with the Trade Union movement to form the Labour Representation Committee in 1900 which in 1906, became the Labour Party- a party that claimed to represent the working class. This meant that the electorate had a genuine choice of parties with different political ideologies: the Conservatives, Liberals and the Labour Party. Consequently, this pushed Britain forward towards democracy as different can different parties can voice different views on how to deal with the problems the country faces. Although Britain had become more democratic with better access to information and a choice of parties certain aspects of the system were unfair until legislation was introduced to improve this. The Reform Act of 1867 improved the distribution of seats making the system fairer in addition to extending the franchise. The facts show that many small boroughs lost one or even both of their MPs who were then redistributed to areas of the country that were under-represented. For example, Scottish constituencies were allocated 5 seats. However, democracy was still far from being reached in Britain as MPs were still not evenly distributed, the electorate largely remained the same and balance of political power was not altered. The Redistribution of Seats Act of 1885 moved Britain closer towards democracy as it aimed to construct constituencies of equal size to have a fairer representation of the people. As result of the Act, 79 towns with a population of under 15,000 lost both their seats and the total number of MPs was increased from 652 to 670. In fact, in his book â€Å"The extension of the Franchise 1832-1931† puts forward his opinion: â€Å"together, the 1884 Franchise Act and the 1885 Redistribution Act brought about one of the most radical changes in the parliamentary election system during the nineteenth century. Bribery and corruption were still present in elections in the late 1860s and two laws were passed in an effort to eliminate this. The Secret Ballot Act of 1872 allowed voting to be done in secret so electorates were free from intimidation. It meant that the newly enfranchised working class would not be pressurized into voting for their landlords in fear of losing their home or jobs. The secret ballot was an improvement in Britain towards democracy and the Chief Commissioner of Police in London reported there had been no trouble at the elections. However, employers were still bribing their workers and between 1867 and 1885 four towns were disenfranchised due to corrupt practices. Moreover, an opponent of the Act Lord John Russell, argued it would undermine the â€Å"legitimate influence of the aristocracy, over people who looked to them for leadership†. Many believed that it was you duty to tell people how you voted, it was considered† honest and British† and there was a belief that secrecy would lead to further corruption. The Corrupt and Illegal Practices Act was introduced in 1883 and it meant that if there was any corruption in any election it would lead to a heavy fine or imprisonment. There was less intimidation; the new code of ethics had moved Britain forward towards democracy. S.Wood said that â€Å"elections certainly became more orderly†. Despite these steps towards democracy, plural voting still existed and MPS were still not paid. Even though the property qualification for MPs was abolished in 1857 meaning that ownership of land was no longer a prerequisite for becoming an MP but one issue that still had to be resolved was the payment of MPs. This made the Parliament Act of 1911 a â€Å"great achievement† according to Stephen J. Lee as MPs finally got a salary of  £400, meaning that anyone could stand as an MP, whether they are working, middle or upper class. However, in reality working class men could not afford to give up their day job to become a politician so very few working class men stood as candidates. In addition, the Act reduced the life of the government from seven years to five years .The House of Lords which Lloyd George described as â€Å"five hundred men, ordinary men chosen accidentally from among the unemployed,† no longer had power over bills to do with taxation or government spending and could only delay bills for up to two years. Despite the fact this made the elected house more accountable to the voters, Britain was still not fully democratic as the House of Lords still had some power despite being an unelected body. Although Britain had made strides towards democratic by 1928 there were still other factors that were undemocratic such as universities still having Seats in Parliament until 1949 and the franchise was not being given to 18 year olds until 1969.Moreover, elections in Britain use the First Past the Post System meaning the person with the most votes wins the election. However this could be seen as being unfair in that the percentage of seats the larger parties end up with in Parliament is always greater than the percentage of votes they have achieved in the election. For example, in the 2005 General Election although the Labour Party got 36.2% of the votes, they had 55% of the Seats in Parliament. For many years, smaller parties like the Liberals gave argued for a system of Proportional Representation which makes the proportion of seats a party has equal to the percentage of votes the party got in the election. First Past the Post was confirmed as the voting system for general elections in the United Kingdom in 1918 and this has not changed since. By 1928, Britain had become a more democratic country as all the features that would be expected in a democracy were in place such as universal suffrage, the secret ballot and better representation. There was a choice for voters of different backgrounds of three main political parties and working class candidates were able to stand for election as MPs were paid. Furthermore, access to information was greater than it had been in 1850. However, 18 year olds were not given the vote until 1969 and the electoral system is still an issue today as many people argue that Proportional Representation should be used in British elections.

Reflectiv Wring on a Personality Development Theory

A reflective essay on self, identity, personality, and factors influencing identity based on James Marcia’s theory on personality development. People come in different shapes and sizes. Some are big while others are small, some are fat and some are slim, some are short while some are tall. People have many similarities. Unless born with a physical defect we all have one head, two eyes, two ears, one nose, one mouth, two arms with five fingers each, and two legs with five toes each. So basically we are all physically alike.What makes us each uniquely different is our personality inside of us. A personality can be described as a person’s own distinctive character or the qualities that makes someone interesting or popular. Growing up I would wonder how one’s personality could be theorized. My quest was soon over as I learnt of the James Marcia’s theory on personality development. Based on Erik Erikson’s groundbreaking work on identity and psychosocial development in the 1960s, Canadian developmental psychologist James Marcia refined and extended Erikson’s model, primarily focusing on adolescent development.Addressing Erikson’s notion of identity crisis, Marcia posited that the adolescent stage consists neither of identity resolution nor identity confusion, but rather the degree to which one has explored and committed to an identity in a variety of life domains from vocation, religion, relational choices, gender roles, and so on. Marcia’s theory of identity achievement argues that two distinct parts form an adolescent’s identity: crisis (i. e. a time when one’s values and choices are being reevaluated) and commitment. He defined a crisis as a time of upheaval where old values or choices are being reexamined.The end outcome of a crisis leads to a commitment made to a certain role or value. These are not stages, but rather processes that adolescents go through. All adolescents will occupy one or mo re of these states, at least temporarily. But, because these are not stages, people do not progress from one step to the next in a fixed sequence, nor must everyone go through each and every state. Each state is determined by two factors: * Is the adolescent committed to an identity, and * Is the individual searching for their true identity?These states include: identity diffusion, identity foreclosure, identity Moratorium and identity achievement. I went to one of the best high school in the country. I did well in all subjects I did. I thought I had it all. Paid attention to no one around me, I just ignored it all. People would say someday I would fall but who would have thought they would someday be right. But who would have thought I would have ended up like this. Working on the streets with nowhere to go, nothing to eat, nothing to wear, no money, no one to turn to in my distress.What can I do? Where can I go? I’m lost in this world like a diffused particle basking in the air. Identity diffusion this is the state of having no clear idea of one's identity and making no attempt to find that identity. These adolescents may have struggled to find their identity, but they never resolved it, and they seem to have stopped trying. There is no commitment and no searching. Growing up I was always considered by other to be a very brilliant child and I eventually developed the feeling that I was.My parents enrolled me in the finest school they could afford. In the sixth grade I did the Grade Six Achievement Test (GSAT) and attained a pass to attend one of the noblest institutions in the country. I had always had the dream of becoming a teacher but my parents and others thought differently. Everyone in my family were either nurses or doctors hence I felt like I had to follow in their pathway. In my family one would so to primary school then off to high school. During my first three (3) years of high school I was forced to focus on the sciences.Then during the fi nal two years one would have to sit all three (3) sciences in the Caribbean Secondary Examination Certificate along with seven other subjects. I thought that if I didn’t do well I would disappoint my parents and other family members, hence I just went along fulfilling what I thought was my obligation. Identity Foreclosure this means that the adolescent blindly accepts the identity and values that were given in childhood by families and significant others. The adolescent's identity is foreclosed until they determine for themselves their true identity.The adolescent in this state is committed to an identity but not as a result of their own searching or crisis. I have had many friends growing up. I have had many role models. I have tried doing many sports. Only to find who I am. Where I belong in this cold world? In school I tried acquiring many skills; I did many subjects and gained them all. During my years at college I did many courses changing my major over three (3) times; only to find who I really was and what I really wanted to become. I eventually graduated with a degree in medicine.But I still haven’t found what I was looking for. I am still searching for my purpose in this society. I am still searching for who I really am. Identity Moratorium this is the status in which the adolescent is currently in a crisis, exploring various commitments and is ready to make choices, but has not made a commitment to these choices yet. On the cool winter morning of January 21, 1995 an angel sent from God was born; Alexcia Anglin. At age two I started school, at an early age teachers soon realized I were a brilliant child.I started Chetwood Memorial Primary school; there I developed a passion for teaching. In the sixth grade I meet the one who turned out to be my role model; Mr. G. Atkinson. Seeing his passion for teaching I then develop a greater passion for teaching and I wanted to emulate him. I then moved on the Mt. Alvernia High School where I met man y other teachers who aided in my development and strengthened my desire to become a teacher. Church was also an integral part of my life.Going to pathfinder’s club on Sunday mornings and associating myself with children regularly I soon realized I loved being around younger children and it was during that point of my life I told myself I wanted to become a primary school teacher. During my high school years I tried my ever best to do well in all the subjects I knew I would need to attain in order to become a teacher. I thought I had everything under control and I thought I was on top but for a while things went sour. I swayed a bit and it seemed as though my dream of becoming a teacher was crushed.My grades were not at its best but a deep voice inside me kept pushing me and told me to keep holding all, life will get better soon. Soon it was time to apply for college and I sent out my application to the Sam Sharpe Teacher’s college. That was not the end I had to sit eig ht CSEC subjects. Waiting for my results and a letter of acceptance from the college I was a bit nervous. Every thing eventually worked out I attain all ones and twos in my subjects and I got accepted to the college. Here I am today embracing my dream of becoming a primary school teacher.Identity Achievement this is the state of having developed well-defined personal values and self-concepts. Their identities may be expanded and further defined in adulthood, but the basics are there. They are committed to an ideology and have a strong sense of ego identity. The core idea of this theory is that one’s sense of identity is determined largely by the choices and commitments made regarding certain personal and social traits. A well-developed identity gives on a sense of one’s strengths, weaknesses, and individual uniqueness.A person with a less well-developed identity is not able to define his or her personal strengths and weaknesses, and does not have a well articulated sen se of self. As teachers we need to be able to cope with the different personalities present in the classroom environment. Students come from different families, different communities and thus have different personalities and are taught different values. The onus is therefore on us as teachers to guide our students into developing socio acceptable values.Before we can do so, we must first know who we are, know what our values are and our personality. I am Alexcia Anglin a first year student of the Sam Sharpe Teacher’s College and as a result of the knowledge I gained in the Emerging Professional course on James Marcia’s theory on personality development, I have discovered my identity status, which is â€Å"IDENTITY ACHIEVEMENT† , as I am fulfilling my dreams of becoming a teacher. References * http://www. learning-theories. com/identity-status-theory-marcia. html * http://socialscientist. us/nphs/psychIB/psychpdfs/Marcia. pdf

Health Is The State Of Well Being Social Work Essays

Health Is The State Of Well Being Social Work Essays Health Is The State Of Well Being Social Work Essay Health Is The State Of Well Being Social Work Essay I have chosen this definition due to my exposure in nursing as a pupil, I have attained the decision that the word wellness to an ordinary person in the general populace is refering to the whole organic structure which is, free of any unwellness or any disease which can forestall the normal physical, emotional and religious operation of an mean human being. In order to hold a good wellness, an single ought to be able to execute all of the activities of day-to-day life, such as, being able to keep strong societal relationships ; being able to kip good and eat good ; being able to make things that can be contributed to the society or community and besides being able to look after oneself. Mental wellness is the status whereby persons are non merely free of any major mental wellness upsets but is holding the right province of cognitive, emotional and psychological well being. With all these facets, an person is able to transport out activities in the society, and run into the ordinary demands of mundane life. I have chosen this definition is based on my exposure to mental wellness in the infirmary scene, the most commonly account refering to mental wellness expressed by ordinary people of the society is merely whether an person is holding the ability to take part in normal activities of day-to-day life ; able to pass on usually with the society ; able to get by with reverses in life, such as personal job, household jobs and even relationships jobs ; able to show one s ain emotion and in conclusion one who can hold the positive sense of ego. However, many persons of the society ever have the misconception between mental wellness and mental unwellness. In fact, mental wellness is holding the capableness to equilibrate any emotional, societal, psychological and biological factors. Whereas mental unwellness is a diagnosable upset that affects an person s cognitive, emotional or societal abilities. My ain thoughts about mental wellness and mental unwellness came from reading books ; reading diary articles which are refering to mental wellness and mental unwellness and by sing as a nursing pupil during clinical arrangements. Yes, I do believe that despite that an person is being diagnosed with mental unwellness, however, they are still considered every bit healthy as ordinary persons. As holding a mental unwellness such as bipolar disease ; anxiousness upset or schizophrenic disorder does non intend that an person is non healthy. Mental unwellness will merely act upon on the affect of the cognitive, behavioral, communicating and rational abilities of an person. The facets of being healthy is that an person is capable of transporting out activities of day-to-day life such as, being able to get by with day-to-day emphasiss ; expression after oneself ; populating a good quality of life. Even though, these persons might be holding so mental upset, but it may be at a different grade of badness, where different persons may see different types of symptoms. Equally long as these persons are able to eat and kip good they are considered as healthy and holding the organic structure organs to work at an acceptable d egree. Mental unwellness is an on-going unwellness where it can repeat anytime in life which needs changeless direction. If mental unwellness is being decently good taken cared and early sensing was made, most persons are able to mend wholly with no extra episodes of unwellness. Although some persons will be sing ongoing symptoms of mental unwellness, but these persons still can populate a full and productive life every bit long as it is the symptoms are being managed good. I have understood the significance of recovery in mental unwellness through reading books. It was meant non merely about the full recovery in mental unwellness where 1 is to the full recovery without mental unwellness, but it is really the province where an person is able to populate their life meaningfully in malice of holding a mental unwellness ( Muir-Cochrane, Barkway A ; Nizette 2010, p. 4 ) . It every bit good intend that the persons are able to happen occupations, where they can work and back up themselves financially ; taking the duty in occupations ; holding the ability to pull off a long term relationship ; holding the ability to look after themselves ; able to show their emotions and feelings. Populating meaningfully is non merely free of the mental unwellness, it every bit long as one is capable to populate life with hopefulness and dreams that they want to accomplish and able to lend to the society. Recovery emphasizes that although persons may non be able to hold full direction over their symptoms but they still can hold full control over their lives. Stigma is where the society discriminates or labels a group of persons who are non every bit worthy as the normal persons of the society ( Morrison-Valfre 2009, p. 73 ) such as, either persons who are with a physical disablement or mental unwellness. Persons who are sing stigma with mental unwellness might be affected in the undermentioned ways. Unemployment, the persons will see troubles in acquiring a occupation, or the employers are unwilling to use persons with mental unwellness. As a consequence the person will be unemployed and they ca nt back up themselves financially. Stigma can halt persons from seeking aid from the public even if they are meeting some symptoms of mental unwellness, due to the shame or reluctant which they experienced after being stigmatized by the society. This can decrease the effectivity of the intervention if it is delayed, as the earlier the intervention commence the better the results will be. Persons may experience being isolated from the society, therefore persons with mental unwellness feel that they are being rejected by the society and hence are unwilling to acquire along with people. Persons might hold low ego regard, they will be given to fault themselves for holding this mental upset or they might lost all assurance for everything in life and even perpetrating self-destruction as they feel they are useless. Mention lists Mental wellness recovery theoretical account n.d. , Fairfax Country, Virginia, viewed 11 August 2010, lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.fairfaxcountry.gov/csb/region/Resources/mhrecoverymodel.pdf gt ; . Mental wellness: beef uping mental wellness publicity 2010, World Health Organization, Switzerland, viewed 10 August 2010, lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs220/en/ gt ; . Department of Health and Ageing, What is mental unwellness? , Australian Government 2007, Australia, viewed 10 August 2010, lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/B7B7F4865637BF8ECA2572ED001C4CB4/ $ File/whatmen.pdf gt ; . The stigma of mental unwellness n.d. , Toby House Inc, USA, viewed 10 August 2010, lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.tobyhouse.com/mentalillness/stigma.htm gt ; . Sherman, P 2007, Stigma, mental unwellness and civilization, Scribd, USA, viewed 10 August 2010, lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.scribd.com/doc/11731670/The-Stigma-of-Mental-Illness gt ; . Barkway, P 2009, Mental wellness A ; mental unwellness A ; ATOD , talk notes distributed in the subject NURS 2108 Mental Health and Mental Illness, Flinders University, Bedford Park on 10 August 2010. Flinders University 2010, Study program: NURS 2108 Mental Health and Mental Illness , Flinders University, Bedford Park. Mental Health 2010, Wikipedia, USA, viewed 10 August 2010, lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_health gt ; . Health 2010, Wikipedia, USA, viewed 10 August 2010, lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health gt ; . Muir-Cochrane, E, Barkway, P A ; Nizette, D 2010, Mosby s pocketbook of mental wellness, Elsevier Australia, Chatswood. Challenging stigma 2005, Response Ability, Australia, viewed 10 August 2010, lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.responsibility.org/client_images/33762.pdf gt ; . Morrison-Valfre, M 2009, Foundations of mental wellness attention, 4th edn, Mosby Elsevier, USA.

Top Opportunities in the Online Retail Revolution

Top Opportunities in the Online Retail Revolution Working in the retail industry used to be pretty straightforward. Customers would shop in brick-and-mortar storefronts, helped by sales associates or customer service reps. Then, anything they couldn’t get in person was purchased from a printed catalog. Now, things have changed almost completely- virtually anything you need or want can be delivered right to your door, within a few days (or even hours) of making a purchase on your preferred device. You don’t even have to leave home if you don’t want to. We still have traditional stores, of course, but the economics and priorities behind retail have totally shifted. And if you’re looking at a career in the retail field, your options have changed as well. Being an in-store associate used to be the stepping stone to a retail career path, but now that companies like Amazon and Walmart have moved so many of their resources toward online sales and offsite fulfillment, your retail career might start in a more behi nd-the-scenes role, with an entirely different set of skills and opportunities.How the Retail Landscape is ChangingRight now, there are a few overarching trends that are changing how retail works- and therefore what a career in retail looks like as well.Online DominationAccording to Forbes, the retail industry is in a bit of a personality crisis right now. Companies are coming to an unavoidable point where they will either embrace the changes of the internet era or fall far behind. Online retailers like Amazon, along with traditional department stores like Kohl’s or Target, are building a more robust online shopping platform. These companies are at the forefront of these changes, emphasizing the ability to shop from anywhere. Stores and chains that are not adapting as quickly are at risk of falling behind in sales and growth.Companies like Walmart are also looking to beef up their online game by acquiring existing retailers that can provide the sales infrastructure and mercha ndising know-how to bring the parent companies into the next phase of retail.Traditional Stores ClosingThink about your local mall. Chances are, at least one of the big â€Å"anchor† stores has closed recently, or may be at risk of closing soon- chains like Macy’s, Sears, Kmart, and others have all recently announced that underperforming brick-and-mortar stores will be shuttered for streamlining.Embracing the TechIt’s impossible to underestimate how technology has changed the shopping experience- and therefore the strategies used by retailers. First came shopping via computers, then smartphones, then tablets, causing retailers to develop online retail plans and platforms to support these new ways of browsing and shopping. And now â€Å"virtual assistants† like Amazon’s Alexa and Google Home have made it so that consumers don’t even need to go online to browse- they can merely ask the virtual assistant to search and buy for them, based on pre -set account and payment settings. According to RetailDive, Amazon customers spent 10% more in the months after buying the Amazon Echo device, suggesting that more retailers will get in on the voice-activated shopping train.And it’s not just the usual devices you’d expect to do the shopping for you- smart appliances like LG’s â€Å"smart† refrigerator can tell you what you have inside, and what you might need to add to your shopping list. (No word on whether these fridges can judge us yet for those late-night pints of ice cream, or farmer’s market produce that goes untouched in favor of takeout containers.)Many stores are also using tech to enhance the in-store shopping experience, using location functions on smartphones and push notifications to alert shoppers to sales and promotions in-store.Summer Black Friday SalesIf you’ve ever been at a large chain store on Black Friday (or seen the endless news coverage of cringe-inducing behavior eve ry year), you know it can be a bloodsport, with people literally pushing each other out of the way to get big-ticket products at a discount. And while Black Friday may not be the best trend in terms of humanity, for retail it can be a major asset- it brings in customers and boosts sales during the critical holiday period.Online-only retailers like Amazon have started featuring similar sales around July, at a traditionally quiet retail period of the year, taking advantage of the idea that you don’t need to be present in a store to score a deal on a new TV. So while customers may be taking time away from the beach instead of the Thanksgiving table to shop, the idea is quickly catching on that a summer counterpart to Black Friday can help boost retail bottom lines during a traditionally dead time. As other retailers begin to incorporate these steep summer sales, it has the potential to change how retail stores and fulfillment centers are staffed, year-round.â€Å"Need It Nowâ⠂¬  ShippingIf you’ve seen your mailman making the rounds on previously unheard-of Sundays, dropping Amazon-logo-stamped boxes on doorsteps, then you’ve seen how the increased demand for fast shipping has begun to take hold in the retail industry. Amazon Prime was one of the pioneers in this field, and other major retailers have followed suit, offering insta-shipping as part of their online shopping experience. Accommodating these shipping needs means having strategically located warehouses and fulfillment centers around the country, so products have a shorter way to go when customers want that video game in less than two days’ time.Retail Warehouse JobsSo what do these trends changes mean for a career in retail? For starters, it means that your starting point may not be working on a sales floor, handling direct transactions. Many of the best retail opportunities will be coming from warehouses and fulfillment centers, as retailers try to find the sweet spot bet ween retail and logistics to meet customer needs.Let’s look at some of the entry-level jobs and career paths that are growing due to the new retail economy. We’ve included some sample links for each that you can use as a starting point for your own search.Sorting AssociateSorting associates are responsible for (as you might have guessed) sorting outgoing packages by size, shape, destination, or other criteria. They’re responsible for making sure that shipments are organized and packed efficiently- kind of like box Tetris.Skills needed: Attention to detail, ability to lift heavy packages, customer service focus, physical stamina, flexible work schedulePantry AssociateAs online grocery delivery companies like Fresh Direct and Amazon Fresh expand and make quality and speed essential for shipping food products, pantry associates are responsible for sorting and packing shipments of groceries to make sure everything goes out quickly and as fresh as possible.Skills nee ded: Attention to detail, ability to lift heavy packages, customer service focus, physical stamina, flexible work scheduleWarehouse/Fulfillment AssociateAs more and more importance is placed on online shopping and order fulfillment, warehouse staff are essential. Warehouse associates are responsible for loading and unloading shipments, as well as tracking, scanning, and monitoring shipments. These associates may also operate heavy equipment to move products and shipments.Skills needed: Attention to detail, ability to lift heavy packages, customer service focus, physical stamina, flexible work scheduleSeasonal Fulfillment AssociatesRetail has its busy seasons and its not-so-busy seasons. During the busiest parts of the year, like back-to-school and the winter holidays, almost every retailer needs as many hands on deck as they can find. If you’re looking for seasonal employment in a warehouse, this is a flexible option for you that can build experience or help you fill a gap be tween jobs. Seasonal warehouse and fulfillment associates perform the same tasks as full-time warehouse associates, but during a set period of time (for example, November through December).Skills needed: Attention to detail, ability to lift heavy packages, customer service focus, physical stamina, flexible work scheduleOperations AssociateOnce orders are collected, assembled, and readied for shipping, operations professionals take over to make sure that everything goes where it’s supposed to go, and when it’s supposed to go out. The job may involve analyzing the best way to ship merchandise (shipping routes, timelines, costs, etc.) as well as coordinating with fulfillment and logistics teams to ensure smooth delivery and a good customer experience.Skills needed: Attention to detail, great organization, data analysis, project management, customer service focus, ability to work as part of a team with many moving partsBenefits of a Warehouse CareerThese warehouse and ship ping jobs typically don’t require a college degree to get started, and usually include on-the-job training once you’re in the door. They’re also geographically flexible: because retailers are setting up satellite warehouses and fulfillment centers around the country to make shipping faster and cheaper, you won’t necessarily need to concentrate your job search in a limited number of â€Å"hubs.†As retail itself continues to evolve, so to do the opportunities to work in the field. And no matter how people are shopping these days (or how they’ll shop five years from now), companies will always need qualified professionals behind the scenes to make sure customers get what they want, and that they keep coming back. If you have a passion for logistics and customer service, the fulfillment path can be a great option for your retail career.